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Wednesday, July 7, 2021

July 07, 2021

Aid Tablet

Aid Tablet

Diclofenac Sodium
50 mg
Premier Pharmaceuticals Ltd.

Unit Price: ৳ 0.80 (100’s pack: ৳ 80.00)

Indications

Rheumatology: Inflammatory and degenerative forms of rheumatism, chronic involutive, polyarthritis, ankylosing spondylarthritis, osteoarthritis, spondylarthroses, acute gout, peri-articular rheumatic disorders.

Surgery and Traumatology: Sprain, bruises, dislocations, fractures, softtissue injuries, surgical interventions.

Obstetrics and Gynecology: Primary dysmenorrhoea, episiotomy, adnexitis, endometritis, parametritis, salpingitis, and mastitis.

Otorhinolaryngology: As pre-operative medication for the prevention of pain, inflammation, and swelling.

Dentistry: Post-operative and post-traumatic pain, inflammation, and swelling.

Other indications: For the prevention of pain and treatment of inflammation and swelling of patients operated in the urogenital tract, renal and biliary colic.

Therapeutic Class

Drugs for Osteoarthritis, Drugs used for Rheumatoid Arthritis, Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

Pharmacology

Dilofenac Sodium is a potent non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with pronounced anti-rheumatic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic properties. It has also some uricosuric effect. Diclofenac exerts its effect by inhibiting prostaglandin biosynthesis which plays a major role in causing inflammation, pain and fever. Diclofenac is rapidly and completely absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract when taken with or after meal. Peak plasma concentrations are reached within an average of 2 hours after ingestion of it. At therapeutic concentrations, it is 99.7% bound to plasma proteins. Diclofenac is metabolized in the liver and undergoes first pass metabolism.

Dosage & Administration

Diclofenac FC Tablet: Adults: 75-150 mg daily in 2 to 3 divided doses, preferably after food. Dose should be reduced in long term use.

Diclofenac SR Tablet:

  • Adult: 1 tablet daily, taken whole with liquid, preferably at meal times. If necessary, the daily dose can be increased to 150 mg by supplementation with conventional tablets.
  • Children: 1-3 mg of diclofenac/kg body wt. daily in divided doses.
  • Elderly patients: In elderly or debilitated patients, the lowest effective dosage is recommended, although the pharmacokinetics of diclofenac sodium is not impaired to any clinically relevant extent in elderly patients.

Diclofenac Dispersible Tablet:

  • Adults: The recommended daily dosage is 2-3 tablets and the maximum daily dose is 150 mg. In milder cases, 2 tablets of Diclofenac DT per day are sufficient. Diclofenac DT should preferably be taken before meals.
  • Children: Diclofenac is not recommended in children for other indications except juvenile rheumatoid arthritis where the recommended dose is 1-3 mg/kg body weight. Diclofenac DT is to be dropped into a half-glass of water and the liquid is to be stirred to aid dispersion before swallowing. There is no information on the use of Diclofenac DT for more than 03 months.

Diclofenac TR Capsule: One capsule daily. Diclofenac TR should be taken preferably after mealtimes.

Diclofenac Suppository: For adults: 50 mg suppository 2-3 times daily. Maximum daily dose is 150 mg.

Diclofenac injection: For adults the usual dose is 1 ampoule daily. In serious cases this dose may be increased up to 2 ampoules daily.

Diclofenac Gel: For external use only. Depending on the size of area to be treated, 2-4 g of Diclofenac gel should be applied to the skin 3-4 times daily. To the affected area gel should be rubbed in lightly. This gel may also be given in addition to further treatment with other dosage forms of Diclofenac.

* চিকিৎসকের পরামর্শ মোতাবেক ঔষধ সেবন করুন

Contraindications

Contraindicated to the patients hypersensitive to any ingredient of the products. Peptic ulcer, hypersensitivity to Diclofenac like other non-steroid anti-inflammatory agents, Diclofenac is also contra-indicated in asthmatic patient in whom attack with asthma, urticaria or acute rhinitis are precipitated by acetylsalicylic acid or by other drugs with prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor. This Gel should not be used under occlusive airtight dressings.

Side Effects

Diclofenac Sodium is generally well tolerated. Adverse effects are mild, rare and transient. At the starting of the treatment, however, patients may be sometimes complaining of epigastric pain, eructation, nausea and diarrhea or dizziness or headache. These effects are usually mild in nature. Peripheral edema and skin reactions, such as rash and eczema have also been encountered. Diclofenac Sodium Gel may cause local irritation and reddening of the skin and skin rash.

Pregnancy & Lactation

During pregnancy, Diclofenac should be employed only for compelling reasons. The lowest effective dose should be used. These types of drugs are not recommended during the first trimester of pregnancy. In view of insufficient clinical data, Diclofenac Sodium Gel is not recommended during pregnancy. A very insignificant quantity of Diclofenac may be detected in breast milk but no undesirable effects on the infant to be expected.

Precautions & Warnings

In rare instances where peptic ulceration or gastrointestinal bleeding occurs in patients under treatment with Diclofenac. In patients with advanced age should be kept under close observation. Diclofenac Sodium Gel should not be allowed to come in contact with the eyes or mucus membranes, after application the hands should be washed properly and not to be taken by mouth.

Storage Conditions

Store in a cool and dry place, protected from light. Store below 30°C. Keep out of the reach of children.
July 07, 2021

Agedefy Table

Agedefy Tablet

Betacarotene + Vitamin C + Vitamin E
6 mg+200 mg+50 mg
Medimet Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Unit Price: ৳ 2.50 (20’s pack: ৳ 50.00)

Indications

Antioxidant vitamins are used in a wide range of conditions where free radical damage is playing a role. Antioxidant vitamin combination is used in the prevention of coronary heart diseases, certain types of cancer, aging as well as free radical damage caused by excessive exercise, illness, certain medications, air pollution, smoke, radiation and pesticides. The main role of the antioxidant vitamins is as follows:

β carotene prevents free radical formation by quenching singlet oxygen, a highly reactive form of oxygen. Vitamin C is another free radical scavenger which deactivates free radicals. It works specially in the plasma, lung fluid, aqueous humour and interstitial fluid. It can increase white blood cell activity; play important roles in the biochemistry of antibodies, prostaglandin E 1 , B and T lymphocytes, and interferon. Vitamin E also scavenges free radicals in the blood along with β carotene and vitamin C. Moreover, vitamin E is essential to protect against some of the ill effects of smog and smoke. In relation to other nutrients vitamin E protects vitamin A from being destroyed in the body.

Therapeutic Class

Anti-oxidant Multivitamin preparations

Pharmacology

Beta carotene of this tablet is converted to vitamin A (Retinol) when required. Retinol has several biochemical functions e.g. on retina, growth, tissue differentiation, immunological response. It has also some anti-cancer activity.

Vitamin C is the most powerful reducing agent known to be present in living tissues. Vitamin C deficiency produces scurvy. It is a cofactor in numerous biological processes. Vitamin C and molecular oxygen are essential for the conversion of proline to hydroxyproline, dopamine to noradrenaline . Vitamin C is also essential for the synthesis of adrenal steroid hormones. Vitamin C is important in the defense against infection and studies shown that vitamin C is important for the normal functioning of T-lymphocyte and leukocyte. Ascorbic acid has some antiinflammatory activity and protects cells against oxidation of essential molecules. In high doses, (1-2 g daily) ascorbic acid increases iron absorption.

vitamin E seems to be as a defense against oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. In most cell membranes there is one molecule of tocopherol for every 1000 lipid molecules. Tocopherol mops up peroxide radicals and then needs a supply of reduced hydrogen to restore the steady-state situation. This is usually supplied by ascorbic acid or reduced glutathione.

Dosage & Administration

This tablet is administered orally. The adult dose of this combination of antioxidant vitamin tablet is 1 tablet daily or as prescribed by the physician.

Interaction

Cholestyramine, Colestipol, Neomycin cause decreased absorption of β carotene. Circulating vitamin C levels have been shown to be reduced during prolonged administration of oral contraceptives containing Oestrogen, Tetracycline and Aspirin. The decrease in vitamin C level may be due to drug induced impaired absorption or increased utilization of the vitamin for drug metabolism. Vitamin E may enhance the anticoagulant activity of anticoagulant drugs. High doses of vitamin E can impair intestinal absorption of vitamins A and K.

Contraindications

Carocet is contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to any of its components.

Side Effects

β carotene is comparatively safe even at high and prolonged exposure. Individuals who routinely ingest large amounts of carotenoids can develop hypercarotenosis, which is characterised by a yellowish colouration of the skin and a very high concentration of carotenoids in the plasma. This benign condition, although resembling jaundice, gradually disappears upon correcting the excessive intake of carotenoids.

Vitamin C is generally a safe drug for human use in normal doses. Larger doses may lead to gastrointestinal tract upset and renal stone formation.

Vitamin E is considered safe even in large doses. Doses over 800 mg may cause diarrhoea, abdominal pain or cramps, fatigue and reduced resistance to bacterial infection and transiently raised blood pressure.

Pregnancy & Lactation

β carotene, vitamin C and vitamin E have no teratogenic effects in humans. However, like any other drugs caution should be taken in prescribing to pregnant women.

Precautions & Warnings

There are some evidences that β carotene may cause harm to heavy smokers and alcoholics. Therefore, caution should be exercised in these cases. Vitamin C should be given with caution to patients with hyperoxaluria. Vitamin E should be used with caution in patients taking anticoagulant drugs, because vitamin E may enhance the anticoagulant activity of these drugs.

Storage Conditions

Should be stored in a dry place below 30˚C.
July 07, 2021

AFM-T Ophthalmic Solution

AFM-T Ophthalmic Solution

Fluorometholone + Tetrahydrozoline
0.1%+0.025%
Aristopharma Ltd.

5 ml drop: ৳ 100.00

Indications

This eye drops is indicated in acute allergic, noninfectious conjunctivitis & keratitis, severe swelling & hyperaemia, noninfectious inflammation of the anterior segment of the eye (including anterior uveitis, episcleritis & scleritis) and post-operative conditions.

Therapeutic Class

Ophthalmic Steroid preparations

Pharmacology

Fluorometholone is thought to act by the induction of phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins which control the biosynthesis of potent mediators of inflammation such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes by inhibiting the release of their common precursor arachidonic acid. On the other hand, Tetrahydrozoline is an alpha agonist which constricts the conjunctival blood vessels and thereby relieves the redness of the eye.

Dosage & Administration

Use in adult: Instill 1 drop into the conjunctival sac 2-3 times daily. The dose may be increased for severe and adult patient to 1 drop hourly for first one to two days.

Use in children: Safety & effectiveness in children below 2 years of age have not been established.

Contraindications

It is contraindicated in infectious conjunctivitis or keratitis, injuries or ulcerous processes of the cornea, glaucoma, diseases associated with stromal damage of the cornea or sclera & dry eyes.

Side Effects

Mild burning sensation, reversible increase in intraocular pressure, reactive hyperemia, cataract & corneal defects, glaucoma, systemic effects (chronic use).

Pregnancy & Lactation

There are no adequate and well-controlled studies of Fluorometholone & Tetrahydrozoline in pregnancy or while breast-feeding. Therefore, this combination should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefits justify the potential risk to the fetus.

Precautions & Warnings

Avoid prolonged use. This preparation should be used after a careful risk benefit evaluation in case of patients with severe blood circulation diseases, metabolic disturbances, under treatment with MAOIs & other potentially hypertensive drugs, history of cataract, herpes simplex infection, rhinitis sicca.

Overdose Effects

When the product is used as directed, there is almost no likelihood of an overdose. No information on overdosage with fluorometholone is  available. Overdosage with fluorometholone is unlikely to cause acute problems. The symptoms of acute overdosage with tetryzoline are CNS, cardiac and psychiatric disturbances, mydriasis, cyanosis and fever. CNS functions may be inhibited under certain circumstances.

The following measures are possible in case of accidental ingestion and the occurrence of symptoms of intoxication: administration of activated charcoal, gastric lavage, artificial ventilation with oxygen, use of phentolamine to lower blood pressure (5 mg in saline solution, given i.v.). Vasopressors are contraindicated. Antipyretic and anticonvulsive therapy can be administered as necessary.

Storage Conditions

Should not be used after the date marked “EXP” on the pack. This must be kept out of the reach and sight of children.
July 07, 2021

AH Chewable Tablet

AH Chewable Tablet

Albendazole
400 mg
Drug International Ltd.

Unit Price: ৳ 5.05 (24’s pack: ৳ 121.20)

Indications

Albendazole is indicated in single and mixed infestations of-

  • Hookworm (Ancylostoma, Necator)
  • Roundworm (Ascaris)
  • Threadworm (Enterobius)
  • Whipworm (Trichuris)
  • Strongyloides
  • Tapeworm
  • Opisthorchi
  • Hydatid.

Therapeutic Class

Anthelmintic

Description

Albendazole is a benzimidazole anthelmintic, active against most nematodes and some cestodes. It is used in the treatment of intestinal nematode infections and in higher doses in the treatment of hydatid disease. Albendazole exhibits vermicidal, ovicidal, and larvicidal activity. The principal mode of action of Albendazole is its inhibitory effect on tubulin polymerization, which results in the loss of cytoplasmic microtubules.

Pharmacology

Albendazole is a broad spectrum anthelmintic. Albendazole exhibits vermicidal, ovicidal and larvicidal activities. The drug is thought to exert its anthelmintic effect by blocking glucose uptake in the susceptible helminths, thereby depleting the energy level until it becomes inadequate for survival. Immobilization is followed by the parasite. These events may be a consequence of the binding and subsequent inhibition of parasite tubulin polymerization by Albendazole and its metabolites, although the drug also binds to human tubulin. Albendazole is extensively metabolized, probably in the liver. Albendazole is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract but rapidly undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism. The principal metabolite albendazole sulphoxide has anthelmintic activity and a plasma half-life of about 8.5 hrs. It is excreted in the urine together with other metabolites.

Dosage & Administration

Adults & children over 2 years:

  • 400 mg (1 tablet or 10 ml suspension) as a single dose in cases of Enterobius vermicularis, Trichuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides, Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus.
  • In cases of strongyloidiasis or taeniasis, 400 mg (1 tablet or 10 ml suspension) daily should be given for 3 consecutive days. If the patient is not cured on follow-up after three weeks, a second course of treatment is indicated.

Children of 1-2 years: Recommended dose is a single dose of 200 mg (5 ml suspension).

Children under 1 year: Not recommended.

In Hydatid disease (Echinococcosis):

  • Albendazole is given by mouth with meals in a dose of 400 mg twice daily for 28 days for patients weighing over 60 kg.
  • A dose of 15 mg/kg body weight daily in two divided doses (to a maximum total daily dose of 800 mg) is used for patients weighing less than 60 kg.
  • For cystic echinococcosis, the 28 days course may be repeated after 14 days without treatment, to a total of 3 treatment cycles.
  • For alveolar echinococcosis, cycles of 28 days of treatment followed by 14 days without treatment, may need to continue for months or years.
  • In giardiasis, 400 mg (1 tablet or 10 ml suspension) once daily for five days is used.
* চিকিৎসকের পরামর্শ মোতাবেক ঔষধ সেবন করুন

Interaction

No interaction involving Albendazole, either pharmacodynamic or pharmacokinetic, has been reported.

Contraindications

Neonates: Albendazole is not normally used in neonates.

Children: Reduction of the dose from 400 mg to 200 mg may be indicated in children weighing less than 10 kg but there are no grounds for a general reduction in dosage to children.

Pregnant woman: Albendazole should not be given during pregnancy or women thought to be pregnant. No information is available on placental transfer.

Concurrent disease: There is no evidence to suggest that dose should be altered in renal, hepatic or cardiac failure.

Side Effects

Gastrointestinal disturbances, headache, dizziness, changes in liver enzymes, rarely reversible alopecia; rash, fever, blood disorders including leucopenia and pancytopenia reported; allergic shock if cyst leakage; convulsion and meningism in cerebral disease.

Pregnancy & Lactation

US FDA Pregnancy category of Albendazole is C. So, Albendazole should be avoided in pregnancy and lactation unless the potential benefits to the other outweigh the possible risks to the fetus.

Precautions & Warnings

Blood counts and liver function tests before treatment and twice during each cycle; breastfeeding; exclude pregnancy before starting treatment. Albendazole should only be used in the treatment of Echinococcosis if there is constant medical supervision with regular monitoring of serum-transaminase concentrations and of leucocyte and platelet counts

Storage Conditions

Keep in a dry place, away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.
July 07, 2021

Age Plus Tablet

Age Plus Tablet

Super Antioxidant, Vitamins & Multimineral
Mystic Pharmaceuticals Ltd.

Unit Price: ৳ 3.75 (20’s pack: ৳ 75.00)

Composition

Each tablet contains:

  • Vitamin A: 2000 IU
  • Vitamin C: 200 mg
  • Vitamin E: 50 IU
  • Vitamin K: 75 mcg
  • Zinc: 15 mg
  • Selenium: 70 mcg
  • Copper: 1 mg and
  • Manganese: 3 mg

Indications

This is indicated in the following cases:

  • To develop immune system.
  • To prevent the well known deficiency diseases such as scurvey, beriberi, pellagra and others.
  • Prevent certain types of cancer by blocking the formation of cancer causing substances in the body.
  • It is also capable of combating cardiovascular and immunological disorders.
  • To prevent aging.

Therapeutic Class

Anti-oxidant Multivitamin Multimineral preparations

Pharmacology

Vitamin A is essential for human health. Vitamin A is highly important for vision, cell development and immunity. Vitamin A’s role on immunity contributes to its anti-cancer properties.

Vitamin C is one of the most widely taken supplements and plays a primary role in the formation of collagen, which is important for the growth and repair of cells, gums, blood vessels, bones and teeth. Thus vitamin C helps in faster recovery after surgery or any other trauma. Vitamin C quenches free radicals in the water based cellular components and thus acts as an antioxidant.

Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin, which is stored in the liver, adipose tissues, heart, muscles etc. It is an active antioxidant, which prevents oxidation of fat compounds. It works in synergy with Selenium.

Vitamin K is a key anti-aging vitamin and it prevents heart disease and osteoporosis.

Zinc is an important mineral that can actually rejuvenate the shrinking thymus gland that involves the working of the immune system. Zinc is a co-factor in over 100 enzymes of the body.

Selenium: Apart from being a co-factor in antioxidant enzymes, Selenium by itself has potent antioxidant capabilities. So, it prevents aging and hardening of tissues through oxidation. Vitamin E and Selenium are synergistic and seem to potentiate each other’s antioxidant activities.

Copper is an important co-factor of a number of enzymes present in our body. This enzymes act as endogenous antioxidant systems.

Manganese, an antioxidant, is one of the minerals required to form SOD (Super Oxide Dismutase). SOD is an enzyme that protect against cell damaging free radicals.

Dosage & Administration

The adult dose is 1(one) tablet daily, or as prescribed by the physician.
* চিকিৎসকের পরামর্শ মোতাবেক ঔষধ সেবন করুন

Contraindications

This product is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients.

Side Effects

Generally, this preparation is well-tolerated. Diarrhea may occasionally occur during treatment with beta carotene and the skin may assume a slightly yellow discoloration. The side-effects of vitamin A are reversible. Vitamin C and vitamin E may cause diarrhea and other gastrointestinal disturbances.

Pregnancy & Lactation

This preparation is recommended in pregnancy and lactation

Overdose Effects

In case of accidental overdose, call a doctor or poison control center immediately.

Monday, July 5, 2021

July 05, 2021

AFM-Plus Ophthalmic Ointment

AFM-Plus Ophthalmic Ointment

Fluorometholone + Gentamicin
0.1%+0.3%
Aristopharma Ltd.

3 gm tube: ৳ 130.00

Indications

Inflammation associated with infections in the anterior segment of the eye due to bacteria susceptible to Gentamicin it is also indicated in postoperative infection.

Therapeutic Class

Ophthalmic steroid – antibiotic combined preparations

Pharmacology

Gentamicin belongs to the group of aminoglycoside antibiotics. It covers a broad spectrum of gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococci, Haemophilus influenzae H. aegypticus, Klebsiella, Enterobacteria, Proteus, Escherichia coli, Shigella and Salmonella. It inhibits specifically bacterial protein synthesis. Fluorometholone is a synthetic fluorinated corticosteroid possessing anti-inflammatory properties. The combination brings concomitantly the bacterial treatment or prophylaxis and the anti-inflammatory effect. In addition, the presence of gentamicin protects from a risk of potential aggravation of a bacterial infection due to the steroid.

Dosage & Administration

Sterile Ophthalmic Suspension:

  • Bacterial infection: The dosage depends on the severity of the disease. The application of 1 drop 5 times daily into the conjunctival sac of the affected eye is recommended. In severe cases the dosage can be increased up to 1 drop per hour for 1 to 2 days.
  • Ocular postoperative infection: 1 drop 4 times daily into the conjunctival sac for 1 week. Then a reduced application frequency is recommended for the remaining part of the treatment.

Sterile Eye Ointment:

  • Bacterial infection: Apply 3-4 times daily into the affected eye.
  • Ocular postoperative infection: To support the therapy with Ophthalmic Suspension during the night apply ointment before retiring.
* চিকিৎসকের পরামর্শ মোতাবেক ঔষধ সেবন করুন

Contraindications

  • Hypersensitivity to any of the components. Injuries and ulceration of the cornea. Viral infections (e.g. Herpes simplex, Vaccinia) or mycosis.
  • Eye tuberculosis.
  • Glaucoma.

Side Effects

A transient burning sensation may occur after instillation. Rare: Hypersensitivity reactions including eczema of the eyelid and puncture keratitis. Prolonged use of topical steroids may delay wound healing, increase of IOP, develop cataract and cause thinning of cornea & sclera.

Pregnancy & Lactation

No controlled studies in humans are available. Administration during pregnancy and lactation is therefore not recommended, except for compelling reasons.

Precautions & Warnings

  • Steroids can mask, activate or aggravate ocular infections.
  • Long-term treatment with steroid may enhance thinning of cornea and sclera and rarely perforation of the cornea has been reported.
  • In case no improvement is observed after 7-8 days of treatment, other therapeutical means should be considered.
  • Patients experiencing blurred vision after application of the product, particularly the ointment, should refrain from driving vehicles or operating machinery.
  • Contact lenses should be removed before each application.

Storage Conditions

Store in a cool and dry place, protect from light. Do not use longer than 30 days after first opening. Keep out of reach of children.
July 05, 2021

Afix DS Powder for Suspension

Afix DS Powder for Suspension

Cefixime Trihydrate
200 mg/5 ml
Aristopharma Ltd.

30 ml bottle: ৳ 195.00
50 ml bottle: ৳ 320.00
Indications
Cefixime is indicated in the treatment of the following infections when caused by the susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms:

  • Uncomplicated urinary tract infections caused by Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis.
  • Otitis Media caused by Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Streptococcus pyogenes.
  • Pharyngitis and tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.
  • Acute bronchitis and acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae.
  • Uncomplicated gonorrhoea (cervical/urethral) caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Therapeutic Class

Third generation Cephalosporins

Pharmacology

Cefixime is a third generation semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic for oral administration. It is bactericidal against a broad spectrum of gram positive and gram negative bacteria at easily achievable plasma concentrations. It kills bacteria by interfering in the synthesis of bacterial cell wall. It is highly stable in the presence of Beta-lactamase enzyme. As a result, many organisms resistant to penicillins and some cephalsporins due to the presence of beta-lactamases, may be susceptible to Cefixime. Absorption of it is about 40% to 50% whether administered with or without food.

Dosage & Administration

The usual course of treatment is 7 days. This may be continued for up to 14 days depending on the severity of the infection.

Adult and children over 12 years: The recommended adult dose is 200-400 mg (1 to 2 capsules) daily, given either as a single dose or in two divided doses. For the treatment of uncomplicated cervical/urethral gonococcal infections, a single oral dose of Cefixime 400 mg is recommended.

Children (6 month or older): Usually 8 mg/kg/day given as a single dose or in two divided doses or may be given as following

  • ½-1 year: 75 mg daily.
  • 1-4 years: 100 mg daily.
  • 5-10 years: 200 mg daily.
  • 11-12 years: 300 mg daily
  • In typhoid fever, dosage should be 10 mg/kg/day for 14 days.

Children (under 6 month): The safety and efficacy of Cefixime has not been established in children aged less than 6 months.

* চিকিৎসকের পরামর্শ মোতাবেক ঔষধ সেবন করুন

Interaction

Carbamazepine: Concomitant use elevates the carbamazepine level. Warfarin and other anticoagulants: Concomitant use increases prothrombin time.

Contraindications

It is contraindicated in hypersensitivity to Cefixime or other cephalosporins.

Side Effects

The drug is generally well tolerated. The most frequent side effects are diarrhoea and stool changes; that have been more commonly associated with higher doses. Other side effects are nausea, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, vomiting, flatulence, headache and dizziness. Allergies in the form of rash, pruritus, urticaria, drug fever and arthralgia have been reported. These reactions usually subsided upon dicontinuation of therapy.

Pregnancy & Lactation

There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. It is not known that Cefixime is excreted in human milk. So, caution should be exercised when Cefixime is administered to a nursing woman.

Precautions & Warnings

The drug should be prescribed with caution in individuals with a history of gastrointestinal disease, particularly colitis. The drug should be given with caution in patients with marked impaired renal function as well as those undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis. Dosage adjustment is only necessary in severe renal failure (creatinine clearance < 20 ml/min), in that case a dose of 200 mg once daily should not be exceeded.

Overdose Effects

Gastric Lavage may be indicated; otherwise, no specific antidote exists. Cefixime is not removed in significant quantities from the circulation by hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. Adverse reactions in small numbers of healthy adult volunteers receiving single doses up to 2 g of Cefixime did not differ from the profile seen in patients treated at the recommended doses.

Storage Conditions

Keep below 30ºC temperature, protected from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.
July 05, 2021

Afexa Tablet

Afexa Tablet

Fexofenadine Hydrochloride
120 mg
UniMed UniHealth

Unit Price: ৳ 8.00 (30’s pack: ৳ 240.00)

Indications

Fexofenadine Hydrochloride is indicated for the relief of symptoms associated with seasonal allergic rhinitis in adults and children. It is also indicated for the treatment of uncomplicated skin manifestations of chronic idiopathic urticaria.

Therapeutic Class

Non-sedating antihistamines

Pharmacology

Fexofenadine Hydrochloride is an antihistamine with selective peripheral H1-receptor antagonist activity. It is rapidly absorbed after oral administration and peak plasma concentration is reached in 2-3 hours. It does not appear to cross the blood brain barrier.

Dosage & Administration

Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis-

Adults and children 12 years and older:

  • Tablet: 60 mg twice daily or 120 mg once daily or 180 mg once daily
  • In case of impaired renal function: 60 mg once daily

Children from 6 to 11 years:

  • Tablet: 30 mg twice daily or 60 mg once daily
  • In case of impaired renal function: 30 mg once daily

Children from 2 to 11 years

  • Suspension: 30 mg or 5 ml twice daily
  • In case of impaired renal function: 30 mg or 5 ml once daily

Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria-

Adults and children 12 years and older:

  • Tablet: 60 mg twice daily or 120 mg once daily or 180 mg once daily
  • In case of impaired renal function: 60 mg once daily

Children from 6 to 11 years:

  • Tablet: 30 mg twice daily or 60 mg once daily
  • In case of impaired renal function: 30 mg once daily

Children from 6 months to less than 2 years:

  • Suspension: 15 mg or 2.5 ml (1/2 tsp) twice daily
  • In case of impaired renal function: 15 mg or 2.5 ml (1/2 tsp) once daily

Children from 2 to 11 years:

  • Suspension: 30 mg or 5 ml (1 tsp) twice daily
  • In case of impaired renal function: 30 mg or 5 ml (1 tsp) once daily


* চিকিৎসকের পরামর্শ মোতাবেক ঔষধ সেবন করুন

Interaction

Plasma concentration of Fexofenadine Hydrochloride have been increased when given with erythromycin or ketoconazole. Aluminium and magnesium hydroxide containing antacid reduces the absorption of Fexofenadine Hydrochloride.

Contraindications

Contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to Fexofenadine Hydrochloride or any of its ingredients.

Side Effects

Common side effects are headache, fatigue, drowsiness, nausea, dry mouth and gastrointestinal disturbances.

Pregnancy & Lactation

US FDA pregnancy category of Fexofenadine Hydrochloride is C. So, Fexofenadine Hydrochloride should be avoided in pregnancy and lactation unless the potential benefits to the other outweigh the possible risks to the fetus.

Precautions & Warnings

Caution should be exercised in elderly patient and patient with decreased renal function.

Overdose Effects

In case of an overdose, standard measures to remove any unabsorbed drug should be employed. Symptomatic and supportive treatment is recommended. There has been no reported case of an acute overdose of Fexofenadine hydrochloride.

Storage Conditions

Keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.
July 05, 2021

Aerovil Syrup

Aerovil Syrup

Pheniramine Maleate
15 mg/5 ml
Beximco Pharmaceuticals Ltd.

100 ml bottle: ৳ 20.07
Indications
Pheniramine Maleate is indicated for-

  • Allergic conditions including hay fever, drug rashes, angioneurotic edema, serum sickness, allergic conjunctivitis, food allergy etc.
  • Conditions of the respiratory tract that are accompanied by increased secretion, including vasomotor rhinitis and acute rhinitis.
  • All itching skin conditions, including neurodermatitis, eczema of any origin, lichen planus, acute and chronic urticaria, pruritis of the anus or genitals, pruritus in icterus and diabetes, radiation sickness etc.
  • Prevention and treatment of motion sickness.
  • Prevention and treatment of nausea, vomiting and vertigo due to Meniere’s disease and other labyrinthine disturbances.

Therapeutic Class

Sedating Anti-histamine

Description

Pheniramine is a competitive H1 histamine receptor antagonist. Like other alkylamine antihistamines it is also antagonist of muscarinic cholinergic receptors and possesses local anesthetic properties. However, the concentration required for the latter effect is probably not achieved at therapeutic dose

Pharmacology

Pheniramine competes with histamine for the histamine H1 receptor, acting as an inverse agonist once bound. The reduction in H1 receptor activity is responsible for reduced itching as well as reduced vasodilation and capillary leakage leading to less redness and edema. This can be seen in the suppression of the histamine-induced wheal (swelling) and flare (vasodilation) response. Inverse agonism of the H1 receptor in the CNS is also responsible for the sedation produced by first-generation antihistamines like pheniramine. The binding of pheniramine to H4 receptors, and subsequent inverse agonism, may also contribute to reduced itching by antagonizing inflammation.

Dosage & Administration

Doses must be individually determined in all cases and should be taken with or soon after food. Treatment should be commenced at the lowest possible dose because experience has shown that antihistamines are often effective at low doses. The maximum dose of 3 mg/kg per day should not be exceeded. Elderly patients should use the adult dose with caution.

To prevent travel sickness, it is recommended that the first dose be taken at least 30 minutes before traveling. Due to the risk of drowsiness, the patient should not drive a motor vehicle or operate machinery after taking a dose.

Pheniramine Maleate tablets:

  • In adults and children over 10 years of age: Treatment is commenced with half a tablet taken up to three times daily. This dose may be increased to one tablet taken up to three times daily if required.
  • Children 5-10 years of age: Half a tablet up to three times daily. Pheniramine Maleate tablets are not recommended in children under 5 years of age.
* চিকিৎসকের পরামর্শ মোতাবেক ঔষধ সেবন করুন

Interaction

  • MAO-inhibitors may prolong and intensify the anticholinergic effect of pheniramine (see Contraindications).
  • Adverse CNS effects of pheniramine may be enhanced when it is taken with alcohol or other CNS depressants (eg. hypnotics, sedatives, tranquilizers).
  • Atropine and related drugs may enhance the anticholinergic activity of pheniramine.

Contraindications

  • Patients with hypersensitivity to pheniramine or any other ingredient (eg. Methyl hydroxybenzoate or propyl hydroxybenzoate in the syrup).
  • Patients with symptomatic prostatic hypertrophy.
  • Patients receiving MAO-inhibitor therapy.
  • Newborn and premature infants.

Side Effects

The most common adverse reaction is sedation, which often disappears after a few days if tolerance is acquired. Hypersensitivity reactions have been reported.

  • Central Nervous System: Lassitude, dizziness, tinnitus, inability to concentrate, incoordination, irritability, insomnia and tremors. Agitation and convulsions, especially in children and restlessness, disorientation and hallucinations in adults, are common symptoms following overdose.
  • Gastrointestinal: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, colic, epigastric pain, anorexia, dryness of mouth and constipation.
  • Genitourinary: Urinary retention.
  • Cardiovascular: Palpitations, headache.
  • Ocular: Blurred vision, increased intraocular pressure.
  • Musculoskeletal: Muscular weakness.
  • Haematological: Rare cases of blood dyscrasias including agranulocytosis and haemolytic anaemia have been reported.

Pregnancy & Lactation

pregnancy Category A. Use only if strictly indicated. Use only if strictly indicated.

Precautions & Warnings

  • Pheniramine Maleate may cause drowsiness. Both the dosage and the time of administration should be carefully considered in patients whose activities (e.g. driving a car or operating machinery) demand special concentration.
  • Patients should be cautioned against the simultaneous ingestion of alcohol and other central nervous system depressants. Pheniramine Maleate may possibly be hallucinogenic in toxic doses. Due to the possible CNS stimulating effects of antihistamines, pheniramine has the potential for abuse.
  • Due to the anticholinergic effect of pheniramine, caution and close monitoring are required if it is used in patients with conditions such as prostatic hypertrophy, narrow angle glaucoma, asthma or severe cardiovascular disease.
  • The anti-emetic effect of pheniramine may mask the signs of other conditions. Products containing pheniramine should not be taken on an empty stomach.

Overdose Effects

Symptoms: Antihistamine drugs in toxic doses produce a complex of CNS excitatory and depressant effects. Accidental ingestion in small children has resulted in convulsions and sometimes death.

Management: As there is no specific antidote, treatment should be symptomatic and supportive. Induction of vomiting should only be used immediately after ingestion as the sedative action of any absorbed antihistamine can lead to life-threatening pulmonary aspiration during emesis. Gastric lavage with a cuffed endotracheal tube in situ may be useful for some time after ingestion of antihistamines as their anticholinergic action slows down gastric emptying. Stimulants should not be used as they may precipitate convulsions. Diazepam or short-acting barbiturates may be used to control convulsions. Vasopressors may be used to treat hypotension. Mechanical support of respiration may be required if respiration is seriously depressed. Continuous ECG monitoring is recommended if cardiac toxicity develops, which can be treated with centrally-acting anticholinesterases such as physostigmine.

Storage Conditions

Store in a cool and dry place, protected from light. Do not use later than the date of expiry. Keep all medicines out of the reach of children. To be dispensed only on the prescription of a registered physician.
July 05, 2021

AFM Ophthalmic Suspension

AFM Ophthalmic Suspension

Fluorometholone Acetate
0.1%
Aristopharma Ltd.

5 ml drop: ৳ 100.00

Indications

Fluorometholone Acetate ophthalmic suspension is indicated for the treatment of-

  • Acute and chronic non-infectious conjunctivitis and keratitis of allergic origin.
  • Non-infectious inflammation of the anterior chamber of the eye (including anterior uveitis, episcleritis and scleritis).
  • Post-operative irritative conditions after strabismus, cataract and glaucoma surgery.

Therapeutic Class

Ophthalmic Steroid preparations

Pharmacology

Fluorometholone is a corticosteroid with an excellent anti-inflammatory action with no significant influence on the intraocular pressure. The anti-inflammatory activity of Fluorometholone is at least 40 times stronger than that of Hydrocortisone. Corticosteroids are thought to act by the introduction of phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins. It is postulated that these proteins control the biosynthesis of potent mediators of inflammation such as prostaglandin and leukotrienes by inhibiting the release of their common precursor, arachidonic acid. Arachidonic acid is released from membrane phospholipids by phospholipase A2. In comparison with other corticosteroids Fluorometholone is more rapidly degraded in tissue and therefore has less effect on the intraocular pressure. The immunosuppressive action of Fluorometholone is less pronounced than that of Dexamethasone.

Dosage & Administration

1 drop instilled into the conjunctival sac 2-4 times daily. During the initial 24 to 48 hours the dosage may be safely increased to 1 drop every hour. Care should be taken not to discontinue therapy prematurely. Shake well before use.
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Interaction

Specific drug interaction studies have not been conducted with Fluorometholone ophthalmic suspension.

Contraindications

  • Hypersensitivity to any ingredient of the formulation.
  • Infectious conjunctivitis or keratitis.
  • Injuries and ulcerous processes of cornea, especially infections caused by virus, bacteria and fungi.
  • Dry eyes, especially keratoconjunctivitis sicca.
  • Glaucoma.

Side Effects

Glaucoma with optic nerve damage, visual acuity or field defects, cataract formation, secondary ocular infection following suppression of host immunity, perforation of the globe.

Pregnancy & Lactation

Safety of the use of topical steroids during pregnancy and lactation has not been established. Fluorometholone ophthalmic suspension should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

Precautions & Warnings

Shake well before using. If this product is used for 10 days or longer, intraocular pressure should be monitored.

Storage Conditions

Store in a cool, dry place and protected from light. Keep out of the reach of children. Discard the container 4 weeks after opening.